Computational Analysis of Fuel Cells Using ANSYS Fluent: A Study of Temperature Distribution, Pressure Drop, and Permeability

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive computational analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) using ANSYS Fluent, focusing on critical operational parameters including temperature distribution, pressure drop, and permeability within the cell components. Fuel cells are emerging as a promising clean energy technology, and optimizing their internal processes is essential for enhancing performance and durability. A 3D model of a single-channel PEMFC was developed and simulated under steady-state conditions using a pressure-based solver in Fluent. The simulations incorporated electrochemical reactions, species transport, heat generation, and fluid dynamics to replicate real operating conditions. Temperature contour plots revealed non-uniform heat distribution, with hot spots forming near the cathode side due to the exothermic nature of the oxygen reduction reaction. Pressure distribution analysis showed a linear drop along the flow channels, influencing reactions and membrane hydration. Furthermore, a parametric study on gas diffusion layer (GDL) permeability demonstrated its significant impact on flow uniformity and reactant accessibility. These findings underscore the importance of integrated thermal-fluid analysis in fuel cell design.