Wireless Sensor Network Technology: Conceptualization & Trends

Abstract

WSNs were first developed for military missions, substituting for large, expensive and energy hungry systems. They enable the transmission of data from remote locations, often without physical access. WSNs are deployed in small, distributed systems of sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly with one another, eliminating the need for long-range communication and data transmission cables, while providing real-time onsite data.The paper explores the structure, classification, networks topologies, core and application layers, communication protocols, and communication models of WSNs. Finally, this paper provides an outlook by introducing some potential future developments of WSNs.